Pituitary tumours (adenomas) are abnormal growths on the pituitary gland (gland controlling the growth and development of the body). Non-secreting pituitary tumours are those which do not secrete any hormones, they only cause health problems due to their size and location. These tumours may cause the pituitary glands to produces lesser hormones (hypopituitarism).
The exact cause of pituitary tumours is unclear. However, they may be caused by changes in the genes which lead to abnormal growth of tissues on the pituitary gland. Tumour growth can occur at any age, but they are usually more prevalent in older age.
Symptoms
The symptoms are greatly varied depending on the effects of the tumour. Generally, the symptoms due to tumour pressure include:
- Impaired vision
- Headache
- Abnormal control of eye movement
- Nausea and vomiting
- Symptoms of pituitary hormones deficiency
- Loss of body hair
- Weakness
- Irregular or no menstrual period
- Sexual dysfunction
Diagnosis
Your diagnoses will start off with a discussion with your doctor about your symptoms and your medical history, followed by a physical exam. If your doctor suspects the presence of a pituitary tumour, more tests may be conducted, including:
- Blood test to determine the level of certain hormones in your blood. Low levels of hormones indicate hypopituitarism which may be triggered by the tumour
- Computerized Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan of the brain for a clear image to be studied by your doctor to determine the size and location of the tumour
- Vision testing to determine the effects of the tumour on your sight
Treatment
The most effective treatment for this disorder is the removal of the tumour. Surgery involves the removal of tumour through the nasal cavity using small instruments and a camera (transsphenoidal microsurgery).
Other treatment options include:
- Hormone replacement therapy to restore the levels of deficient hormones back to normal
- Radiation therapy in which high-energy X-rays are used to shrink the tumour. It can be used to remove the remaining tumour or if the tumour returns, post-surgery
